guangbolizizidedianliusheng，xiangyigenshengxiudegangzhen，mengdizhajinwangluhundundeyishishenchu。
neishengyinjingguoliezhilabadefangda，daizheyizhongcierdeshizhen，
zaimenreyongjidejiaoshilifanfuhuidang：“wanglujiazhang，
lihaoyujiazhang……qinghuihouliuyixia……”meiyigezidouxiangdaizhedaogou，henhenguacazhetayounendeshenjing。
wanglumengdizhengkaiyan，shiyeliyipianmohudeguangbanhuangdong。toudingshijigencanbaide、zhanzheyingshideriguangdengguan，
wengwengzuoxiang，sanfachulingrenfanzaodereliangheguangxian。
kongqizhonghunzazhelianjiafenbihuideqiangrenqiwei、xiaohaizishenshangteyoudehanwei，
haiyoumouzhongliezhixiangshuiyuzhangnaowanhunhede、shuyudarendefuzaqixi。tazhalezhayan，nulijujiao。
shixianqingxiqilai。shouxianyingruyanliandeshijiangtai。younidemuwenzhuomiankengkengwawa，duimanletankaidezuoyeben。
jiangtaihoumian，zhanzhebanzhurenzhanglaoshi。tasishisuishangxia，liuzheliluodeduanfa，
meitouxiguanxingdiningchengyigegeda，jingpianhoudemuguangruilidexiangnengguaxiaxueshengyicengpi。cike，
tazhengyongshouzhiyonglidianzhetankaizaijiangtaishangdechengjidan，zhijiaqiaojizhizhang，fachudududemenxiang，
meiyixiadouqiaozairendexinjianshang。“wanglu！”zhanglaoshideshengyindouranbagao，
daizheyizhonghaobuyanshideshiwangheyanli，shunjianyaguolejiaoshiliqitasuoyouxiweidecaoza，
xiangbianziyiyangchoudazaikongqizhong，“youshini！kankanzheicidedanyuanceyan！yuwen73，shuxue68，yingyu？
heng，61！gangguojigexian！banjipaimingdi29！quanbanyigongcaiduoshaoren？nizijixinlimeishuma？
”wangludenaoziwengdeyisheng，fangfobeizhongchuijizhong。yigujudadehuangmiuganhebinglengcigudechirugan，
rutongxiongyongdechaoshui，shunjianjiangtazheijuxiaoxiaodeshentiyanmei。taxiayishididitou，
muguangluozaizijigezaikezhuoshangdeshou——yishuangshuyuhaitongdeshou，zhijiexishou，pifuzhinen，
zhijiafenglihaicanliuzhewannibahoumeixijingdedandanwuzi。zheibushimeng。tamengdiniutoukanxiangshenpang。zuobian，
zuozhetademuqinliuhuifang。muqinjintianteyichuanletazuihaodeyijianqianhuisedilunwaitao，
cikequeweiweigoulouzhebei，touchuidehendihendi，jihuyaomaijinxiongkou。neijianxidefabaidewaitaojianbangchu，
suizhetayayidehuxierqingweidi、nanyichajuedizhandouzhe。jilvsanluoxialaidehuibaitoufa，
zhanzaitahanshidebinjiao。wanglunengqingxidiganjuedao，muqinfangzaixigaishangdeshou，zhengsisidizuanzheyijiao，
zhijieyinweiyonglierfanbai。youbian，shitafuqinwangjianguo。fuqinyouheideliantangbengdejinjinde，
zuichunminchengyitiaojiangyingdezhixian，yanshensisididingzhejiangtaishangzhanglaoshibuduankaihedezui，
neimuguanglihunzazhewunai、nankanheyizhongjinhumamudepibei。tafangzaituishangdedashou，
cucaodeshoubeishangqingjinweiweituqi，fangfozaijilikezhizheshenme。yigusuansedereliumengdichongshangwangludeyankuang。
xinzangxiangshibeiyizhiwuxingdeshoujinjinzuanzhu，jiyadeshengteng，
meiyicitiaodongdouqianchezheqianshijileide、zaoyichendianzailinghunshenchudekuijiuhecitong。taxiangqilaile。
zheigechangjing，zheizhanglaoshiyanlidexunchi，
fumucikeruzuozhenzhandebeiweizitai……doushenshenluoyinzaitaqianshidejiyili，shitongnianhuizhibuqudeyinying。
jiuzaizheishi，yidaokeyiyadi、queyouqingxidezuyirangzhouweijipaijiazhangdoutingjiandeqingxiaosheng，
daizhehaobuyanshideyouyuegan，congxiehoufangpiaoleguolai。“ai，zhanglaoshiyeshiburongyi，”neishengyinmanyouyoude，
yudiaowanzhuan，xiangtulemidedao，“daizheimeduohaizi，zongyouneimejigebukaiqiaode。buxiangwomenjiahaoyu，
shengxin，**kaoshidouwenzuodiyi，conglaimeiranglaoshicaoguoxin，yemeirangwomenjiazhangzaizheimeduorenmianqian……ai，
nanweiqingya。”wanglubuyonghuitou，jiuzhidaozheishengyindezhurenshishei。lihaoyudemama，zhouyaqin。
tongyigexiaoqudelinju，jiaweihuidehuoyuefenzi。tayongyuanyizhedeti，toufashudeyisibugou，
shuohuayongyuandaizheneizhongfangfoyunduanfukanrenjiandeqiangdiao。qianshi，zheizhongkansi“bujingyi”dexuanyao，
rutongximidezhen，wushucizhazaitafumudexinshang，yezhazaitazijineidiankeliandezizunshang。guoran，
muqinliuhuifangdetouchuidegengdile，jihuyaobalianmaijinkezhuochoutili。
fuqinwangjianguofangzaituishangdeshoumengdizuanchenglequantou，zhiguanjiefachuqingweidekabasheng，
youheidebojingshangqingjindoubenglechulai。yigubinglengdehuoyan，shunjianzaiwangluxiaoxiaodexiongqianglizhakai、ranshao！
qianshineixiebeiqingshidebiemen，fumuyinzijierchengshoudebaiyanhetanxi，
chuzhonghoucaijuexing、queyicuoguotaiduoshiguangdeaohui……suoyoujiyadeqingxurutongchenshuidehuoshan，
zaizheiyikebeizhouyaqinneiqingpiaopiaodexuanyaochedidianran！
tabuzaishineigemengdongwuzhi、zhihuidiaopidaodandesannianjixiaoxueshengle！tashiwanglu！
shuangyiliudaxueshuxuexidejiaoshou！yigeyongyouwanzhengchengnianxinzhihepangdazhishichubeidezhongshengzhe！
guoquneixiebeicaizaijiaoxiadequru，jinsheng，bixubaibeichanghai！tayaorangzheiduiziyiweishidemuzi，
rangsuoyoucengjingqingshiguotahefumuderen，doudengdayanjinghaohaokanzhe！tayaorangfumutingzhiyaogan，
rangtamendemingzizaijiazhanghuishang，buzaishixiuchidedaimingci，ershirongyaodexiangzheng！“zhanglaoshi，
”wangluqingcuidetongyinturanxiangqi，bugao，quedaizheyizhongqiyidechuantouli，
shunjianqieduanlezhouyaqinneilingrenbushideyuyinhezhanglaoshijijiangjixudexunchi，“ningangcaishuodeneixieti，
wodouhui。xiacikaoshi，wokaodiyi。”zhenggejiaoshishunjianxianruyipiansiji。jishidaomuguang，
jingede、huaiyide、kanxiaohuade，qishuashuajujiaozaizheigegangganghaibeidianmingpipingde“chasheng”shenshang。
zhanglaoshituiletuiyanjing，meitouzhoudegengjin，yanshenlichongmanle“zheihaizishibushibeixunshale”denanyizhixin。
zhouyaqinlianshangdeyouyueganninggule，suijizuijiaogouqiyimohaobuyanshidejiqiao，fangfotingdaoletiandadexiaohua。
liuhuifangmengditaiqitou，lianshangxuesejintun，huangluandishenshouqulaerzideyixiu，zuichunduosuozhe：“xiaolu！
biehushuo！kuaigenlaoshidaoqian！”wangjianguoyejile，dishenghechi：“chouxiaozi！bizui！
”wangluqueqingqingzhengtuolemuqindeshou。tazhanqishen，xiaoxiaodeshentitingdebizhi，
muguangpingjingdiyingshangzhanglaoshishenshideyanshen，youhuanhuansaoguozhouyaqinneizhangxiemanchaofengdelian，
zuihouluozaifumujiaojiyoudanyoudelianshang。taweiweichedongzuijiao，
jiletamenyigejiqiduanzanqueyichangjiandingdeyanshen。neiyanshenlidedongxi，
rangliuhuifanghewangjianguodoulengzhule——meiyouwanlie，meiyouhuangluan，
zhiyouyizhongjinhumoshengde、lingrenxinjidechenwenhezixin。“womeihushuo。”wangluzhuanxiangjiangtai，
yuqiqingxierpingwen，“zhanglaoshi，ninyaoshibuxin，keyixianzaijiukaowo。”zhanglaoshidingzhetakanlezuzusanmiao，
sihuxiangcongtalianshangzhaochuezuojudehenji。danwangludeyanshentanranerduding。tazhongzhongdihengleyisheng，
daizhemingxiandebunaifanhe“jiranniziquqirujiubieguaiwo”deyiwei，
shunshounaqijiangtaibianyibenfankaide《xiaoxueaoshusiweixunlian（sannianji）》，
shouzhidianxiangqizhongyidaoyonghongbiquanchudetimu。neishitazhunbeiyonglaiqifajianzishengdenanti。“xing！
wanglutongxuezhixiangyuanda！”zhanglaoshideshengyindaizheci，“neinishanglai，bazheidaotizuochulaijidajiakankan！
zuobuchulai，yihoujiujiwolaolaoshishitingke，shaoshuodahua！”tabashu“pa”diyishengpaizaijiangtaishang，
fenbihuisusuluoxia。timuqingxidichengxianzaizhongrenyanqian：【yigenongchangyoujihetugong30zhi，
tamendejiaogongyou88zhi。qingwenjihetugeyouduoshaozhi？】dianxingdejitutonglongwenti。
duisannianjiputongxueshenglaishuo，queshixuyaodiannaojin。jiaoshilixiangqiyipianxiweidewengwengyilunsheng。
zhouyaqindezuijiaojihuyaopiedaoergen，baozhegebo，
haozhengyixiadidengzhekanzheigebuzhitiangaodihoudexiaoziruheshouchang。lihaoyuzuozaitamamapangbian，
xiaolianshangyeluchulemingxiandeqingmie。liuhuifangdexintidaolesangziyan，shouxinquanshilenghan。wangjianguoliansetieqing，
henbudelikechongshangqubaerzizhuaixialai。zaijishishuangmuguangdejujiaoxia，wanglumaizhexiaotui，
bujibuxudizoushangjiangtai。tanaqiyizhibaisefenbi，dianledian。neifenbizaitaxiaoxiaodezhijian，
jingtouchuyizhongqiyidexianshugan。tameiyousihaoyouyu，fenbijianluozaimolvsedeheibanshang，
fachuqingxierliuchangde“dudu”sheng。
【jiefayi：jiashefa】【shequanshiji：30zhi×2zhijiao=60zhijiao】【shiji88zhijiao，
duochu：88-60=28zhijiao】【meizhitubijiduo2zhijiao，
you：28÷2=14zhi】【jiyou：30-14=16zhi】【da：ji16zhi，
tu14zhi。】buzhoujianjie，luojiqingxi，shuxiegongzhengyouli，wanquanbuxiangyigesannianjihaizideshoubi！
zhenggetuidaoguochengyiqihecheng，meiyourenhetingdunhetugai。jiaoshilianjingdezhishengxiafenbimocaheibandeshashasheng。
jiazhangmendengdaleyanjing，qianpaijigechengjihaodehaiziyeshenzhanglebozi。zhanglaoshijingpianhoudeyanjing，
diyiciluchulezhenshidejinge。zhouyaqinlianshangdejifengjiangzhule，manmanbianchengyizhongcuoe。raner，
wanglubingweitingxia。tashouwanyizhuan，fenbizaigangcaidejiedaxiamian，lingqiyixing。
【minglingsuoyoudongwutaiqiyibanjiao：88÷2=44zhijiaozhedi】【cishimeizhiji1zhijiaozhanli，
meizhitu2zhijiaozhanli（shiwei“guaitu”）】【zongtoushu30，
jiaoshu44】【jiashequanshiji：30zhi×1zhijiao=30zhijiao】【shiji44zhijiao，
duochu：44-30=14zhijiao】【meizhi“guaitu”bijiduo1zhijiao，
gu“guaitu”（jizhentu）you：14zhi】【jiyou：30-14=16zhi】“taijiaofa？
”yigejiazhangrenbuzhudishengjinghu，“zhei……zheisiluhaoguai，danyouhaoqingchu！
”lihaoyulianshangdeqingmiexiaoshile，querdaizhideshikunhuoheyisibuyichajuedejinzhang。
taxiayishidikanxiangzijidemama。zhouyaqindelianseyijingchenlexialai，yanshenjinjindingzheheiban。
wangluyijiumeiyoutingbideyisi。fenbizaiciyidong。
【jiefasan：yiyuanyicifangcheng（tuozhansilu）】【shetuyouxzhi，
zejiyou(30-x)zhi】【tujiao：4xzhi，
+60-2x=88→2x=28→x=14】【tu14zhi，
ji16zhi】dang“yiyuanyicifangcheng”jigezichuxianzaiheibanshangshi，zhanglaoshidezuibaweiweizhangkaile。
zheiwanquanchaochulesannianjishuxuedefanchou！tajiaolezheimeduonianshu，
congweijianguonagesannianjixueshengnengrucitiaoliqingxidiliechufangchengbingqiujie！siji。jueduidesijilongzhaolejiaoshi。
jiazhangmenchedijingdaile，kankanheibanshangneisanzhongjieranbutongquedouwanmeidechudaandejiefa，
youkankanjiangtaishangneigeshenqingpingjing、fangfozhishisuishouzuolejianweibuzudaoxiaoshidenanhai。
judadefanchaganchongjizhemeiyigerenderenzhi。wanglufangxiafenbi，pailepaishoushangdefenbihui，zhuanguoshen，
muguangpingjingdisaoguotaixiazhenjingdezhongren，zuihouluozaizhanglaoshilianshang：“zhanglaoshi，zheititaijiandan，
wozhixiangdaozheisanzhong。ninkanduima？”tadeshengyinqingcui，daizhehaitongteyoudeyinse，
danyuqilideneizhonglisuodangrandepingjing，querang“taijiandan”zheisangezi，xiangzhongchuiyiyangqiaozaimeigerendexinshang，
youqishizhouyaqinhelihaoyudexinshang。zhanglaoshizhanglezhangzui，houlonglixiangshiduleshenmedongxi，
banshangcaizhaohuizijideshengyin，daizheyizhongnanyizhixindeganse：“dui……quandui。
”takanzheheibanshanggongzhengdeziji，youkankanwanglu，yanshenfuzadaolejidian，
zhiqiandeyanlihebunaifanxiaoshiwuzong，zhishengxiajudadekunhuoheshenshi。wanglumeizaikanqitaren，
jingzhizouxiajiangtai。xiaoxiaodeshenyingchuanguoguodao，chengshouzhewushudaojingyi、tanjiu、shenzhijingweidemuguang。
tazouhuizijidezuowei，meiyoukanpangbianlianseshabai、yanshenduoshandezhouyaqin，yemeiyoukanyiliandaizhidelihaoyu。
tashenchuxiaoshou，qingqingwozhulemuqinliuhuifangneizhiyijiuzaiweiweizhandou、bingliangdeshou。muqindeshoumengdiyizhan，
fanshoujinjinzhuazhuleerzidexiaoshou，zhuadeneiyangyongli，fangfozhuazhuleyigenjiumingdedaocao。tadixiatou，
kanzheerzipingjingdecelian，zuichunxidongzhe，xiangshuoshenme，queyigeziyefabuchulai，
zhiyouguntangdeleishuihaowuzhengzhaodiyongchuyankuang，dakedakedizazailiangrenjiaowodeshoushang。
fuqinwangjianguojiangzhideshentiyezhongyusongchileyixie，taceguotou，shenshendikanzheerzi，
neimuguanglifanyongzhejingtaohailang——jingyi、kunhuo、mangran，dangengduode，
shiyizhongbeijudade、buganzhixindekuangxichongjihoudedaizhi。tacucaodedashoutaiqi，sihuxiangpaipaierzidetou，
youjuedebutuo，zuizhongzhishizhongzhongdiluozailewangluxiaoxiaodejianbangshang，neilidaochendiandiande，
daizheyizhongwushengde、xiongyongpengpaideqingxu。wangluganshouzhefumushuangshouchuanlaidezhandouhewenre，
xinzhongneituanbinglengdefuchouhuoyan，diyicibeiyizhongmingwei“shouhu”denuanliubaoguo。taweiweitaiqitou，
muguangtouxiangchuangwaiminghuanghuangdeyangguang。diyibu，chengle。jiexialaiderizi，wangluzheigemingzi，
rutongtourupingjinghumiandeyikuaijushi，zaisan（er）ban，naizhizhenggehongxingluxiaoxue，
jiqilecengcengdiedie、jingjiubuxidelianyi。shuxuekechenglewangludejueduizhuchang。zhanglaoshimeicipaochunanti，
wulunduomediaozuan，wulunqitatongxueruhezhuaernaosai，wangluzongshidiyigejushou。tadejiefawangwangtianmaxingkong，
queyoujingzhunwubi。yiciketanglianxi，zhanglaoshichuleyidaofuzadezhishuwenti，shejihuanxingdaoluhejiangebianhua。
lihaoyuhaizaizhouzhemeitouhuaxianduantu，wangluyijingzhijiejichuledaan，
shenzhishunshouzaiheibanshanghualeyigeqingxideyuanxingshiyitu，biaozhuleguanjianjiedianhebianliangguanxi。“wanglu，
”zhanglaoshirenbuzhuwen，“ni…niyiqianxueguoaoshu？”tadeyuqilizaoyimeiledangchudeqingshi，
zhishengxiajinshendetanjiu。wangluyaoyaotou，biaoqingchunzhen：“meiyou，zhanglaoshi。jiushijuedeshuzizheiyangbainongyixia，
jiuqingchule。”taqingmiaodanxiedijiangzijiqianshijileideshulunhezuheshuxuedezhijue，guijiewei“bainongyixia”。
yuwenketongyangfengyunbianse。dangtongxuemenhaizaikekebanbandilangdukewen，
lijiezhe“zhongxinsixiang”he“duanluodayi”shi，wangludefayanmeimeishipotianjing。xuexi《caochuanjiejian》，
danglaoshiwenzhugeliangweishenmenengchenggongshi，
tongxuemendehuidawufeishi“zhugelianghencongming”、“tasuanzhunletianqi”。wangluzhanqilai，
shengyinqingxi：“chulesuanzhundawuhefengxiang，zhugelianggenglihaideshiduicaocaoxinlidejingzhunbawo。
taliyonglecaocaoshengxingduoyi、zhihuixitongzaiyejianhedawuzhongxiaolvdixiaderuodian，yongyibingxiaohaoduifangjianshi，
benzhishangshixinxizhanhexinlizhandeshengli。erqie，”tadunledun，muguangsaoguotingdeyouxiefamengdetongxue，
“lusuzheige‘duiyou’depeiheheziyuantigongyehenguanjian，tuanduihezuoshijichu。
”zheifanyuanchaoxiaoxueshengrenzhide“xinlizhan”、“xinxizhan”、“tuanduihezuo”fenxi，
rangnianqingdeyuwenlaoshisunlaoshimudengkoudai，bijibendouwangleji。
erzhenzhengyinfaxuanran**deshizaixuexi《xiyouji》jiexuan《sandabaigujing》shi。
sunlaoshirangdajiataoluntangsengweishenmezongshiwuhuisunwukong。wangluzaiciyujingsizuo：“laoshi，
wojuedezheibeihouyouhenshendewenhuahezongjiaomaodun。tangsengdaibiaodeshidongtudatangyanjindefojiaojielv，
qiangdiaocibeiweihuai、rouyanfantai、bushasheng，suoyitakandaodeshi‘biaoxiang’，shi‘ren’。sunwukongni？
talaizidaojiaobeijingdelingtaifangcunshan，xuedeqishierbian、huoyanjinjingshidaojiadebenshi，takandeshi‘benzhi’，
shi‘yao’。tangsengdejielvshufuletadepanduan，ersunwukongde‘daofa’rangtanengkantouyaomo。
zheiqishishiliangzhongshijieguanheliliangtixidechongtuzaigushilidetixian。”jiaoshiliyipiansiji。
sunlaoshinazhefenbideshoujiangzaibankong，zuibaweizhang，fangfodiyicirenshiyanqianzheigexuesheng。shijieguan？
liliangtixi？zongjiaomaodun？zheishiyigesannianjixueshengnengshuochulaidehua？qianpaidelihaoyuliansenankan，
shouzhiwuyishidikouzhexiangpi，tayinyiweiaode“gaikuozhongxinsixiang”zaiwangluzheizhongchousibojiandefenximianqian，
xiandecangbaiyouyouzhi。yingyukezechenglewanglude“biaoyan”wutai。tadefayinzizhengqiangyuan，
daizheyizhongqiyideyunlvgan，beisongkewenliuchangderutongmuyu。yicigongkaike，